Live-picture production



July 14, 1925. K'

Filed Aug. v. 1922 2 sheets-sheen 2 Patented' July; 14,11925,

f l AUeUs'ro inserm, or Los menimscamroama LIVE-PICTURE PRODUCTION.

To all whom it mag/concern.' v

Be it known that I, AUGUs'ro Bissnii, a citizen of the United States,residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and ,-State ofCalifornia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Live- PictureProduction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electrical a paratus and has for its lobjectto provi e a method and apparatus for the projection o live or motionictures. l

An. object o the invention is to provide an apparatus and method wherebypicture reproductions of animate and inanimate scenes and objects can bebroadcasted by socalled Wireless telegraph apparatus ceived by the same.

A broad'object of the invention is to provide means whereby atransmitting electrical current is controlled and varied by the degreeof light which is imposed upon an element of -the transmittingapparatus, and to provide means for receiving a transmitted Wave andwhich means is operated by the transmitted and varying wave so as tocontrol and regulate automatically and constantly the intensity of abeam or zone o liglht transmitted to a receiving screen.- Anot er objectis to provide means for controlling a beam yof light coming froml theoriginal subject in such .manner that owing tothe phenomenon ofpersistence of vision in the human eye the beam of light is subdividedinto a large number of small zones, each successively rendered effectiveupon a light sensitive medium which is introduced in a transmittingcircuit of a wireless apparatus, means also being provided which may becoordinated wi h the transmitting and light controlling apparatus sothat a received and varying wave strength may be utilized to regulatethe intensity of a beam of light from a source passing through a screenor ground `glass so that the controlled lightat the receiving stationwill produce upon the ground vglassin a given interval of time an imagewhich can be received by the eye, enabling the eye of the reproducedpicture on the `screen or ground glass of the receiving apparatus.

Other objects and"l advantages will be made manifest in the followingspecification -and ref 4ically the eii'ect of the cooperation Ao theclear perception byv sections of any suitable size,

Application led August 7, 1922. Serial No. 580,119.

of an embodiment of .the invention illus-n trated.l in the accompanyingdrawings, wherein f Figure 1 4is a diagrammatic view of a transmittinportion of the apparatus; t Figure 2 is a plan of a type of light shut-Figure trolling the passage of li Figure 4is a plan View 3 is a planview olf an element cont; illustrating graplif the light controllingmembers of the sending apparatus of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a vertical section and diagrammatic view of a receivingapparatus;

Figures 6 and 7 are views of fragments of coordinate screens of thereceiving apparatus;

Figure receiving apparatus;

Figure 9 is a plan of a coordinate light shutter o f the receivingapparatus;`

Fi ure l0 is a plan showing a light sensitive lament. f

The broad principle of the present invention resides in controlling atransmitting wireless or broadcasting current whollyby f a variable beamof li ht, this beam comingA 8 is a plan of a light shutter of the l itis, of course, clear that the amount of light coming from any onesection of the whole scene may be the same as or may be different fromthe amount of light coming from another section. Obviously, all scenesare readily divisible because of differences in the amount of light inthe different' portions thereof and the amount of liglit at each portionof a scene is by my invention utilized to control and vary or regulatethe intensity of the current which is transmittedy to a broadcastingapparatus such as is diagrammatically shown in Figure 1, and includes anantenna A. It will be assumed that it is desired to broadcast a scenesuch, for instance, as the figure of a lady, as indicated at S. Atransmitting camera is, therefore, properly focused upon the object andthis camera is provided with means for subdividing the entire scene intoa number of the camera belens 4 through which the image passes to and4impinges upon the sensitive medium 2. If

desired, there may be interposed between the lens 4 and the medium 2 anintermediate lens 5 constructed and arranged to focus all of the beams,considering that'each beam can be individually7 selected, or consideringthat each beam represents a small fraction of the entire areaof thescene being photographed', upon the sensitive medium 2. This enables asensitive medium of comparatively small area to be utilized and,therefore,

enables the use of a medium which is highly sensitive to `the impingingbeam and which will readily controllthe lmposed current in the circuit3.

\ includes provided for progressively permitting the passage of lightfrom small 'subdivisions or areas of the objective in the field of thelens 4 so that only a very small fraction of the whole area of the sceneor field is being transmitted in a given instant of time, the whole areaof the field being transmitted, however, in light rays in a givenperiod-of time. The phenomenon of persistence of vision is depended uponto enable the impression upon the eye of the observer of a reproducedimage from the original and, therefore, the light'controlling means inthe transmitting camera is so operated that the entire zone of the sceneis covered in one action, which preferably does not require more lthanone-sixteenth o a second with the result that while in a given instantonly a small fraction of the whole area of the scene is being utilizedto control the current by means of the light receiving medium 2, thehuman eye will receive in the requisite time an image visualizing thewhole scene.

The li ht controlling means, therefore, evices so o rative as to cut upthe Whole scene into t e desired number of fragments, each of which hasits own light value or light unit effect and each light value issuccessively impressed on the light sensitive medium 2. v.

One form of the scene subdividing means is here shown as including apair of coordinate shutter members A8 and 9. These members are of opaquematerial and are interposed between the camera lens-4 and the lightreceiving medium 2. The members Means are -top to the bottom are soaociated and so constructed and arranged that they cooperate to permitthe passage of only a small area of the reflected light from the wholescene. For instance, the shutter 8 may be provided with one or morecomparatively narrow slots 8l and these are shown in this Vembodiment asdisposed radially to the center of the shutter and lupon or about whichcenter the shutter member is rotatably mounted in any suitable manner,as on a shaft 8b in the camera. The4 coordinate shutter 9 is likewiserotatably mounted on a shaft 9b and is arranged in parallel and slightlyoffset relation to the shutter 8 so that these will have overlappingcontiguous portions as seen in Fi ure 1. The shutter 9 is provided witha ight transmittin .slot orV aperture or window 9b which is here shownas of spiral form, the pitch between the coils of which is about equalto the length of each of the slots 8al in the shutter member 8. Therelfore, as is shown in Figure 4, when the shutters 8 and 9 are rotated atsuitable speed, it will be seen that the leading end of the window-9*Lmay be' registered at the spot a, Figure 4,'with the inner end 8 of aslot 8 in thefshutter 8, and as these two apertures overlap, it will beclear that only a pin-like ray of light will pass through thecoordinating shutters from the objective or scene Sand such a sidered asemanating from the spot 8, Figure 1. 'During one rotation of the spiralshutter A9 itl will be clear that the spiral window will advance fromthe end 8 of a slot 8Il while-at the same time the window 8l will bemaking an arcuate movement as from of the zone, Figure 4, The shutter 9will 'be rotated at such speed that it will cross each window 8l asuitable number of times s`o that the light being refiected from thescene S will be permitted to pass in successive pin-like rays throughthe shutter members and in such order and sequence that the whole arealof the scene S will be prgjected through the shutter.

or example, it may be desired to provide the shutter Swith one hundredwindows 8",

and in such case if the shutter 8 is revolved at the same rate of speedthat the shutter 9 is rotated, for instance, at a ratio of one to one,then the one hundred windows 8 will have swept across the contiguousside of the shutter 9 while the spiral window 9* is making one cycle. v

Each small fraction of the area of the scene S will, therefore, pro'ectits pin-like ray through the coordinated shutters 8 and 9, andthis raywill impinge upon the light receiving and sensitive medium 2 and thefunction of this will be to increase or decrease resistance to the fiowof current in the circuit 3 and this. variable current will,

outwardly with respect to the slot the cluding in this embodiment asuitable dark chamber 10 having a source of light 11, preferablyenclosed in a shield 12 having an outlet aperture 13 fora beam of light.In front of this beam and between the' source of light 11 and a screenor ground glass G is arranged means for regulatingl the volume of lightfrom the guard 12 an yposed upon the circuit also means are used whichmay be coordinated with the light controlling shutters 8 and 9 of thesending apparatus.

The light regulating means vmay consist of a set of batteries which mayconveniently consist of plates 14 and '15, one of whic may be mountedlstationarily at the window 13 and the other of which is movably mountedand is connected to an actuating element such as a diaphragm 16magnetically controlled by a magnet 17 which is energize by a currentreceived in a receiving circuit 18 upon wireless receiving apparatusenerally indicated at 19 and which functions to receive the waves fromthe transmitting antenna A, these waves finally being im- 18 of thereceiving apparatus and, therefore, utilized to actuate the diaphragm16. lThe screen plates 14 and 15 are provided with transparent andopaque portions, as represented by the dark lines 14a and the clearspaces 14", these obviously being suitably proportioned and preferablyof equal transverse dimension. The plate 15 is correspondingly providedwith clear spaced and opaque bars, so that when these two members areshifted the clear spaces may be registered and thus permit thetransmission of light rays from the window 13 to the screen or groundglass G,

and when the members are relatively shifted so that the bars of onecover the clear spaces of the other, all thelight will be interceptedand obviously the amount of light will be regulated and varied accordingto lthe -degree of uncovering or openin y parent portions of thecoordinate members y i4 and i5.

movable light screen 15 will be seen that the determined By connectingthe to the diaphragm 16 it oscillations of the diaphragm, by thestrength of the received the circuit 18, will reciprocate screen 15 asto the stationary screen 14 and master scene S, means Asuitable numberof ing apparatus be of the transcurrent inv the light constantly.y -varythe degree of light assing fromthe window 13 to the ground g ass.

This'operation would resultv in'the passagey of a generally diffusedvolume of light coming from the window 13, the volume fluctuatingaccordingto the strength of the current received tain a deiiiiiteimagecorresponding to the up the volume or beam of light coming through theautomatically acting light controllingmeans 14s-15 so that pin-like raysonly` will pass to the ground glass or Screen Y Such cutting up meansare shown in Figures 8 and 9 as consisting of light regulating shutters20' and 21 generally similar to the above mentioned shutters 8 and 9.shutters are arranged in the dark chamber 10 contiguous to the screen Gand are coordinated with -each other so asto progressivelyl passpin-like vrays parts 14 and 15 to the ground glass G. The shutter^ 20 isshown as provided .with a slots 20a and the shutter 21 is provided witha spiral slot or window 21a similar to the devices above described.'

Thus if the shutters 20--21 of the receivcoordinated by simple selectionand control of their speed in opera- `tion with the motion and time ofthe shut# d ters 8 and 9 of the transmitter, it`will be image on areceiving screen by an apparatus which operates to 'select inprogressive fashion a myriad of zones in a given scene and by whichapparatus an electrical current is controlled by the intensity of thelight at each of the zones, the iluctuation of the transmitting currentbeing utilized to control a receiving circuitwhich will operate means tofluctuate a beam of light and which beam of light is intercepted bymeans which ma be coordinated with the transmittingse evaluatedaccording to corregrees of light from the original spending zones in thearea scene.

Instead of the collectinglens 5 and of the in Fi re 10. This spiralesignated at 25 may. used in place ofthe shutter 9 havecting means sothat a screen canf be illuminated in successive zones with de` in t-hemagnet 17. To obare employedto cut These y from the screen' d'ioo Whatis claimed is:

. passing therefro pictures,- a stationary light controlling 1. In asystem for the transmission/ of pictures, a pair of light controllingscreens, each having transparent and opa ue portions, a constant sourceof light fal ing upon said screens in a' direction transversely to saidscreens, a source of electric oscillations havingmeansgoperativelyconnected to said screens to shift them relatively to one another tovary the intensity of the light m. 2. In a system for the transmissionof screenl and a movable light controllin screeibeach screen havingtransparent an Luana o ue filing un screensinadirection transverse ytherethmngh, a source of elec' tricuoscillations means operativelyconnected to said movable screen to move the same relatively to thestationary screen to vary thel intensity of the light passing from saidscreens.' Y

3."In a lsystem for the transmission of pictures, a stationary lightcontrolling screen and a movable light .controlling screen disposedparallel thereto, each having parallel, transparent and opaque portionsarranged that the light passin therethrough may have any value from t emaximum amount to zero, a constant source of light falling upon saidscreens in a direction transverse y thereto, and a source of electricoscillations having means operativeli connected to said lmovable screento shift t e same in relation'to the other screen to vary the intensityof the light passing therefrom.

In testimonyY` whereof I have name to this specification.

' AUGUSTO BIssIRI.

signed my porh'ons, a constant of light

